What are the effects of air pollution on outdoor marble animal sculptures?

Air pollution has significant detrimental effects on outdoor marble animal sculptures, accelerating their deterioration over time. Pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with moisture in the air to form acidic compounds, which corrode the marble's surface. This chemical erosion leads to loss of detail, pitting, and a rough texture. Additionally, particulate matter settles on the sculptures, causing discoloration and staining. Over years of exposure, the cumulative damage can permanently alter the artwork's appearance, requiring costly restoration. Preventive measures, such as protective coatings and regular cleaning, are essential to preserve these cultural and artistic treasures from environmental degradation.