How does the thermoelectric effect of cast iron enable self-powered features in animal sculptures?

The thermoelectric effect in cast iron allows animal sculptures to harness ambient heat and convert it into electricity, enabling self-powered features. Cast iron, known for its durability and thermal conductivity, serves as an ideal material for this purpose. When one side of the sculpture is exposed to heat (e.g., sunlight or body warmth), a temperature gradient forms across the material. This gradient generates a voltage difference due to the Seebeck effect, where electrons move from the hotter to the cooler side, creating an electric current.

This energy can power small LED lights, moving parts, or sensors embedded in the sculpture, making it interactive and sustainable. Artists and engineers leverage this phenomenon to create dynamic, eco-friendly artworks that blend aesthetics with functionality. The process requires no external power source, reducing maintenance and environmental impact.

By utilizing cast iron's thermoelectric properties, these sculptures demonstrate how traditional materials can innovate modern art, merging science and creativity for captivating, self-sustaining designs.