What are the challenges in preventing intergranular corrosion in welded stainless steel animal sculptures?

Preventing intergranular corrosion in welded stainless steel animal sculptures presents several challenges. First, the welding process can create heat-affected zones (HAZs) where chromium carbides precipitate at grain boundaries, reducing corrosion resistance. Second, improper material selection, such as using non-stabilized grades like 304 stainless steel, increases susceptibility. Third, environmental exposure to chlorides or acids accelerates degradation. Additionally, post-weld treatments like annealing or pickling are often overlooked, leaving residual stresses. Finally, intricate designs in animal sculptures make uniform protection difficult. Solutions include using low-carbon grades (e.g., 316L), proper welding techniques, and protective coatings to enhance longevity.