How does fabric material influence the resistance to chemical corrosion?

The resistance of a fabric to chemical corrosion is fundamentally determined by its molecular structure and material composition. Different textile fibers exhibit vastly different behaviors when exposed to corrosive substances like acids, alkalis, solvents, and oxidizing agents. Synthetic polymers often provide superior resistance compared to natural fibers. For instance, polypropylene and high-density polyethylene offer excellent resistance to a wide range of acids and alkalis due to their non-polar, saturated hydrocarbon backbones, which are inert to many chemical attacks. Polyester (PET) demonstrates good resistance to weak acids and weak alkalis but can be degraded by strong alkalis through a process called hydrolysis. Nylon, while strong, is susceptible to strong acids and oxidizing agents that can break its amide linkages.

In contrast, aramid fibers like Kevlar possess excellent resistance to many organic solvents but are vulnerable to strong acids and ultraviolet radiation. The gold standard for chemical resistance is found in fluoropolymer-based fabrics like PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), often known by the brand name Teflon. PTFE is nearly inert, resisting almost all industrial chemicals due to the extremely strong carbon-fluorine bonds that shield the carbon backbone. Beyond the base polymer, fabric construction plays a role. A tight weave or high thread count can slow chemical penetration, while coatings (e.g., PVC, polyurethane) can create an additional barrier. However, the inherent chemical stability of the fiber itself remains the primary factor in determining a fabric's long-term performance and durability in corrosive environments, making material selection critical for industrial filtration, protective clothing, and chemical handling applications.