Why is marble unsuitable for sculptures in areas with heavy industrial pollution?

Marble, a popular material for sculptures due to its beauty and workability, becomes highly vulnerable in areas with heavy industrial pollution. The primary reason is acid rain, which forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from industrial emissions react with water vapor in the atmosphere. These acidic compounds dissolve the calcium carbonate in marble, causing surface erosion, loss of fine details, and structural weakening over time. Additionally, airborne pollutants like soot and chemicals can stain the stone, further diminishing its aesthetic appeal. Unlike more durable materials like bronze or granite, marble lacks resistance to such environmental stressors, making it impractical for long-term outdoor display in polluted urban or industrial zones. Preservation efforts often require costly maintenance, making alternative materials a wiser choice for public art in these areas.