How does the carbonation process of concrete affect outdoor pet waste bin durability?

Carbonation in concrete is a chemical process where carbon dioxide from the air penetrates the material and reacts with calcium hydroxide, forming calcium carbonate. This reaction lowers the concrete's pH, reducing its alkalinity. For outdoor pet waste bins made of concrete, this poses significant durability risks. The decreased pH can destabilize the protective layer around steel reinforcements, leading to corrosion. As rust forms, it expands, causing internal pressure that results in cracks, spalling, and structural weakening. Over time, exposure to moisture, temperature changes, and waste chemicals accelerates carbonation, making bins more prone to damage from impacts or weathering. To mitigate this, use high-density concrete mixes, apply sealants regularly, and ensure proper drainage to limit CO2 and water ingress. Regular inspections for cracks can also extend the bin's service life in outdoor environments.