What aluminum treatments prevent degradation in Mars-like environments?

Aluminum alloys face significant degradation challenges when exposed to Mars-like environments characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, perchlorate-rich dust, and thin carbon dioxide atmosphere. Research demonstrates that specific surface treatments can substantially enhance aluminum's durability under these conditions. Hard anodizing creates a thick, crystalline aluminum oxide layer that provides exceptional resistance against abrasive Martian dust and UV degradation. Chromate conversion coatings, particularly alodine treatments, form protective layers that prevent galvanic corrosion while maintaining electrical conductivity crucial for spacecraft systems. Plasma electrolytic oxidation produces ceramic-like coatings with superior thermal stability and radiation resistance. Recent studies show that cerium-based conversion coatings offer environmentally friendly alternatives with excellent protection against perchlorate-induced corrosion. Sol-gel coatings incorporating nanoparticles provide additional barrier properties while allowing for thermal control properties. The most effective protection combines multiple approaches - for instance, anodizing followed by sealed pores and supplemental thin-film coatings. These treatments must maintain functionality across Mars' temperature range of -125°C to 20°C while resisting chemical interactions with Martian regolith. Testing in simulated Mars environments confirms that properly treated aluminum components can maintain structural integrity and functionality for extended mission durations, making them viable for rovers, habitats, and instrumentation exposed to the Martian surface.