What historical nature-themed movements rejected industrial metals in favor of organic materials?

Throughout history, several nature-themed movements have rejected industrial metals in favor of organic materials, advocating for harmony with the natural world. One prominent example is the Arts and Crafts Movement (late 19th to early 20th century), led by figures like William Morris. This movement emphasized handmade craftsmanship, natural motifs, and materials such as wood, stone, and textiles, opposing mass-produced metal goods.

Another example is the Bauhaus School's early phase, which integrated organic forms and natural materials before later embracing industrial design. Additionally, the Japanese Mingei movement celebrated rustic, handmade pottery and textiles, rejecting mechanized production.

These movements reflected a broader critique of industrialization, valuing sustainability, tradition, and the aesthetic beauty of organic materials. Their legacy continues to influence modern eco-conscious design and environmental activism.