What historical stone sculptures were created as political propaganda?

Throughout history, stone sculptures have served as powerful tools of political propaganda, crafted to project authority, ideology, and dominance. Ancient rulers and empires used monumental carvings to legitimize their rule and communicate messages to the masses.

One of the most famous examples is the Trajan’s Column in Rome, which glorifies Emperor Trajan’s military victories in intricate reliefs. Similarly, the Colossi of Memnon in Egypt symbolized Pharaoh Amenhotep III’s divine power, reinforcing his status as a god-king. In Assyria, the Lamassu statues—winged bulls with human faces—stood as guardians of royal palaces, intimidating enemies and exalting the king’s strength.

Even earlier, the Narmer Palette (c. 3100 BCE) depicted Pharaoh Narmer unifying Egypt, a clear political statement of centralized power. In Persia, the Behistun Inscription carved by Darius I justified his reign and demonized rebels.

These sculptures were not merely art but deliberate propaganda—etched in stone to endure for centuries, shaping perceptions and reinforcing political narratives. Their legacy reveals how art and power have always been intertwined.