What historical shifts led to the decline of cedar in monumental figurative sculpture?

Cedar was once a prized material for monumental figurative sculpture, valued for its durability, aromatic qualities, and workability. However, several historical shifts contributed to its decline in this artistic tradition.

1. Material Availability and Deforestation: Overharvesting of cedar, particularly in regions like Lebanon, reduced its accessibility. As forests dwindled, sculptors turned to alternative materials like marble and bronze, which became more readily available through trade networks.

2. Cultural and Religious Changes: The rise of new artistic traditions, such as classical Greek and Roman sculpture, favored marble and metal over wood. Additionally, religious shifts—like the spread of Christianity—often discouraged wooden idols, further diminishing cedar's role.

3. Technological Advancements: Improved metalworking and stone-carving techniques made materials like bronze and marble more appealing for large-scale works, as they offered greater longevity and prestige.

4. Climate and Preservation Issues: Cedar, while resistant to insects, is vulnerable to moisture and decay over centuries. Many ancient cedar sculptures were lost to time, unlike their stone or metal counterparts, which survived better.

5. Economic Factors: As cedar became scarcer, its cost rose, making it less practical for widespread use in monumental art. Wealthy patrons preferred materials that symbolized permanence and luxury.

These shifts collectively marginalized cedar in figurative sculpture, though it remains cherished in smaller-scale carvings and historical restoration projects.