What are the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on porous stone animal sculptures?
Freeze-thaw cycles significantly impact porous stone animal sculptures, leading to gradual degradation. When water seeps into the stone's pores and freezes, it expands, creating internal pressure. Repeated cycles cause micro-cracks to form and grow, eventually resulting in visible fractures, surface flaking, and loss of detail. Over time, this process weakens the sculpture's structural integrity, making it more susceptible to further weathering. Porous stones like limestone and sandstone are especially vulnerable. Preventive measures, such as protective coatings or sheltered placement, can help mitigate these damaging effects. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for preserving outdoor stone artworks in cold climates.
