What are the historical uses of animal sculptures in stone city monuments?

Animal sculptures in stone city monuments have played a vital role throughout history, serving as symbols of power, protection, and cultural identity. In ancient civilizations, lions, dragons, and other creatures were carved into city gates, temples, and public squares to ward off evil spirits and assert authority. For example, the stone lions guarding the Forbidden City in Beijing symbolized imperial strength, while medieval European cities often featured griffins or eagles to represent civic pride.

Beyond their symbolic meaning, these sculptures also reflected artistic traditions and local beliefs. In Hindu and Buddhist cultures, elephant and bull statues adorned temples as sacred beings. Meanwhile, Greco-Roman monuments frequently incorporated horses and mythical beasts to celebrate military victories.

Today, these stone animal sculptures remain enduring landmarks, offering glimpses into the values and craftsmanship of past societies. Their preservation helps modern audiences connect with the rich heritage of urban civilizations.