What are the effects of pollution particulates on outdoor marble sculptures?
Pollution particulates significantly harm outdoor marble sculptures through chemical and physical processes. Acidic pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with marble (calcium carbonate), forming gypsum and other soluble compounds that weaken the stone. This leads to surface erosion, loss of detail, and structural instability. Particulate matter also accumulates on sculptures, causing discoloration and fostering biological growth like algae. Over time, repeated exposure accelerates weathering, making sculptures more vulnerable to cracks and breakage. Preventive measures, such as protective coatings and regular cleaning, can mitigate damage, but reducing air pollution remains the most effective long-term solution for preserving these cultural artifacts.
