How does acid rain affect the surface of limestone-based animal sculptures?
Acid rain significantly impacts limestone-based animal sculptures through chemical weathering. Limestone, primarily composed of calcium carbonate, reacts with the sulfuric and nitric acids in acid rain, forming soluble compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate. This reaction dissolves the sculpture's surface, leading to erosion, pitting, and loss of fine details over time.
The damage is often visible as rough textures, discoloration, or weakened structural integrity. Historical and outdoor sculptures are particularly vulnerable. Preventive measures, such as protective coatings or relocation to sheltered areas, can help mitigate the effects. Understanding this process is crucial for preserving limestone artworks for future generations.
