What are the fire-smoke toxicity concerns with PVC in indoor installations?

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a widely used material in indoor installations due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. However, its fire-smoke toxicity raises significant safety concerns. When PVC burns, it releases toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), dioxins, and carbon monoxide, which can be lethal in enclosed spaces. These fumes pose severe health risks, including respiratory distress, chemical burns, and long-term carcinogenic effects.

In indoor environments, PVC combustion can occur during fires, electrical faults, or overheating. The dense smoke produced reduces visibility, hindering evacuation efforts. Additionally, HCl gas reacts with moisture to form hydrochloric acid, corroding equipment and harming lungs.

To mitigate risks, alternatives like low-smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) cables or fire-retardant materials are recommended. Proper ventilation and fire safety protocols are also crucial when using PVC indoors. Understanding these hazards helps in making informed decisions for safer construction and design.