How do artists simulate weathered textures on aluminum animal sculptures using chemical treatments?

Artists often use chemical treatments to simulate weathered textures on aluminum animal sculptures, achieving an aged or rustic appearance. One common method involves applying patinas—chemical solutions that react with the metal to create colored oxidization. For example, ferric chloride can produce a rust-like effect, while copper sulfate creates verdigris tones. Another technique is controlled oxidation, where aluminum is exposed to acids or salts to accelerate natural weathering. Artists may also use abrasion or sandblasting before chemical application to enhance texture depth. Sealing the final piece with wax or lacquer preserves the weathered look while protecting the sculpture from further corrosion. These methods allow for highly realistic, durable finishes that mimic years of natural aging.